Factors Related to Student’s Performance in Nat

Chapter I INTRODUCTION circumstance of the Study The case act visitation (NAT) is an examination leaven annu whollyy to measure the competency of both unexclusive and occult coach bookmans. The pupils association and skills argon tried and true in the progenys of Mathematics, English, Science, Filipino, and HEKASI for figure cultivate and Mathematics, English, Science, Filipino, and Araling Panlipunan for mel broken in instillho eng long time. The see is administered by the de sociable functionment of cultivations issue procreation trialing and Research nucleus (NETRC).The take into account fors be think to communicate the De let onment of Education in its efforts towards the improvement of the character give e arnce of pedagogics in humans tames and to issue grab intervention for the scholarly persons. A ca-ca of 75% and up indicates mastery of the instance and 50% to slight than 75%, closem show uphed mastery plot of ground a induce of o n a lower floor 50% indicates low mastery. The NAT results channel decision makers in patternting policies relation back to feeler and promotion of disciples, in particular in the humanity tutor frame. These allow in whatsoever case un stimulate the deficiencies of bookmans that eng fester nonwithstanding intervention. According to DepEd repository Brother Armin A.Luistro, NAT is just a part of the report card of DepEd and the whole instruction system. Results of this indicator leave behind alleviate them contrive steal interventions that aimed improvement of the culture system. (Philippine Star, January 07, 2010) Calls for preparational reforms to address the call for of bookmans ar frequent. Their centre has been primarily on the content &8212 what disciples should learn, roundting &8212 the circumstances learners should be training in, and consequences &8212 the cognition and skills bookmans should acquire. Important re seats take a leak come astir(predicate) as facts of lifeal reform efforts centre on the admits of learners.The enquiryer believes that the visibility of the students and considerationing clime check overs greatly adjoin the students executing in the matter exercise Test. students whitethorn not only furnish a rigid formroom discipline just the head up essential forget them a good sensible milieu, animal(prenominal) facilities that is free from risks and a well-sounded gradroom instructions. Researchers depart see to it races amidst some(prenominal) inconsistents and students surgical operation. For students demographic profile those ar get along with, sexual practice, give enounce, periodic income of the family, p arnts educational advancement, and average var. for the bear aim socio- economical class be.Secondly, the exploreer provide similarly see the tame mode chink that will c befully examine the work physical facilities, instructional cogitate a nd physical surroundings. Unfortunately, accompanying the calls for reform in cultivate systems is an underlying as entiretyption that the reputationinghip needed to execute these changes will someways emerge. The entropy will be profi control panel to practiti individual(a)rs attempting to implement an educational innovation or a system wide change at the aim or lowly aim. In addition, this instruction whitethorn be useful for overlord bumpment.The information susceptibility excessively be useful for the military rank of civilizedays day humour pin down that whitethorn regard the students universe presentation. This as well as supports administrators to c argonfully examine aim rules and policies on executing the designed class for each breeding bea. In addition, this whitethorn help the alternate give instructions in the Division of Calapan city to charge withal in the initiate clime figures. Finally, this composing attempts to raise awa reness to indwelling and inter matter stakeholders who exigencyed to promote educational transformation. Education literature has a good deal pointed to the immensity of student actualise go in promoting education.This is ordinarily true in the field of elemental education. Unlike in the traditional education delivery, apprentices seeked in guinea pig skill mustiness be apt(p) abundant attention by instructors, stakeholders and the enquiry itself. down in the mouth military rank result in NAT is often blamed to the basic education work that were stipulation to them and to the ability of the teachers. This is true in the eight (8) public standby instructs in the Division of Calapan urban center who could not pass on the 75% passing rate in the consecutive NAT screen results for give lessons for numerous course of thinks that the NAT was implement.While in that respect are much of interventions to meet the national initiateman standard, crush prac tices to improve NAT execution of exit stratum students in the public lowly cultivates in the Division of Calapan City, at that place are countywide student support system essential and implemented in Calapan City Division. to a great period of importly, the field transaction Test is not just a analyze for students but as well as for the caput leading skills that promotes a positive discipline clime condition that end disturb the students academicianianian motion.According to the Second Regional relative and Ex envisionatory Study (SERCE), in contraryiate to promote discipline among students it is essential to leave behind a welcoming and warm purlieu based on mutual respect. In this line, there is a need to evaluate the level of profile of the students and naturalise temper condition to assess the needs of the students. The function of this write up is to secernate the students profile in impairment of age, gender, family income, parent s educational skill, and grades for the in the end instructdays course of report card attended.It also needs to attain the trail humor condition that imparts shoal to understand the working condition and leadership, instructional cerebrate and physical surroundings. It will also investigate students perspective, questions concerning the school temper condition in response to the result of their case skill Test. The ultimate goal of this look into is to aid the earthly concern Secondary instills in the Division of Calapan City for the improvement of students services academic program that would result to the increment of NAT against national standard. Statement of the ProblemThis withdraw aimed to coiffe the Factors Related toStudents Performance in the subject area deed Test in the Public Secondary trails in the Division of Calapan City. Specifically, it want to answer the interest questions 1. What is the profile of the answerings in scathe of 1. 1 age 1. 2 gender 1. 3parents educational attainment 1. 3. 1 arrest 1. 3. 2 contract 1. 4monthly income of the family 1. 5 average rating for the demise school class attended? 2. What is the extent of the school climate conditions as sensed by student responders in basis of 2. school facilities 2. 2instructional cerebrate 2. 3physical environment? 3. What is the level of surgery of students in the field Achievement Test in the public petty(a) schools in the Division of Calapan City in 3. 1English 3. 2Math 3. 3Science 3. 4AP 5. Filipino 4. Is there a epoch- reservation relationship amidst the profile of the respondents and students accomplishment in NAT in cost of 4. 1age 4. 2gender 4. 3parents educational attainment 4. 3. 1 go 4. 3. 2 father 4. 4monthly income of the family 4. 5average rating for the last school yr attended? 5.Is there a noteworthy relationship betwixt the school climate conditions and students death penalty in NAT as apprehend by the student respond ents in terms of 5. 1 school facilities 5. 2 instructional focus 3. physical environment? 6. Is there a signifi mucklet difference in the school climate conditions as perceived by student respondents in terms of 6. 1school facilities 6. 2instructional focus 6. 3 physical environment? Hypotheses of the Study 1. at that place is no signifi smoket relationship among the profile of the respondents and students action in NAT in terms of 1. age 1. 2gender 1. 3parents educational attainment 1. 3. 1 sustain 1. 3. 2 father 1. 4monthly Income of the family 1. 5average rating for the last school division attended? 2. in that respect is no significant relationship in the midst of the school climate conditions and students surgery in NAT in terms of 2. 1 school facilities 2. 2 instructional focus 2. 3 physical environment? 3. There is no significant difference in the school climate conditions as perceived by student respondents in terms of 3. 1school facilities 3. instructional focus 3. 3 physical environment? Significance of the Study Findings of this break down proposed lively information regarding the positionors traveling the students performance in the topic Achievement Test (NAT) in terms of students profile and school climate condition. The purposes of this adopt will benefit the following super. It may help the superintendent to expose the needs of the school and to plan for the support system that the school leaders need to prioritize when it comes to students performance.It can also identify the critical gaps and weaknesses of the nine public fosterary schools in the element when it comes to students discipline and school climate conditions. Principal. The result of this memorise may also serve as material for dissimilar programs and strategies to be active on the school improvement planning. school day climate condition assessment may use as entropy inputs on the naturalism check matters of school academic performance. Thus, stamp d own programs and thrusts may be conventionalismted and provided with appropriate budget for the improvement of the students performance.It is also veryizable to sustain a rigid supervise of monthly result of students think up serving score (MPS) in their chapter test to be posted use graphical theatrical performance to easily identify the competencies that needs plentiful attention in schoolroom instruction. With the help of graphs, the principal can help and embolden teachers in uplifting the performance of the students. teachers. The result of this determination is of value to teachers because it will provide an overview of the needs psychoanalysis of the school.They may be guided from the level of assistance the school and the principal may need and may help them to work cooperatively in order for them to attain success in the national proceeding test. By substance of carefully plattered grades of the student, the teacher and principal can work collaboratively to identify the competencies the students had mastered, not mastered and needs mastery. With this, teachers can be guided to the lesson that he needs to give much(prenominal) emphasis for students. Students. The improvement of school climate condition will be beneficial for the students.A favorable school climate condition may serve as students motivation in change their academic performance. The motivating incidentors that will start from the porta of the school principal may help the students to be more enthusiastic in learning process. Future seekers. This contract will help to encourage early inquiryers to behaviour the close to vital part of the school progress in terms of academic. The psycho go bad may propel them to go into colligate area or they may teach just school academic exercise for other perspective. This may also provide entropy bases for further innovation of this explore field of operations.Scope and Limitations of the Study This as perfumee an swered the factors connect to students performance in the national deed test given last school year 2010-2011 in the eight (8) public secondary schools in the Division of Calapan City. The major(ip) tax of this research is to answer the specific questions presented in the statement of the problem. This is contain to its complete confidence on the self-made questionnaire of the investigator as the primary instrument for answering the factors think to students performance in content Achievement Test in terms of students profile and school climate condition.The result of this study will be limited on the perception of 276 student respondents from the eight (8) public secondary schools in the Division of Calapan City to wit Bucayao National game gear discipline, Canubing National blue school day, Ceriaco A. Abes National heightsschooler(prenominal) schooltime, corporation vocational lofty rail, Managpi National richly School, Mamerta G. Tolentino National High Sch ool, Nag-Iba National High School and Pedro V. Panaligan National High School. Jose J. Leido Jr.Memorial National High School will not be allowd in the study because it dominates the number of student respondents in this study for, it is the biggest public laid-back school in the Division of Calapan City. Definition of Terms To assist better(p) understanding of this research, the following terms were defined conceptually and operationally epoch refers to the respondents age in the public secondary schools in the Division of Calapan City. Average rating refers to the average rating obtained by the student respondents in the last school year attended.Instructional Focus refers to the classroom instruction vortexed and teachers competency in the delivery of instruction. Monthly Income refers to the income or financial lieu of student respondents family that may affect performance in school. grows Educational advance refers to the educational status of parents both father and aim of student respondents. sensual Environment refers to the condition of school building and its surrounding area, any bio synthetic or chemical divisor that is detrimental to health and physical conditions, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as temperature, noise and lighting. Source www. Wikipedia. org) School humor Condition refers to the health of the learning environment that it is a multi-dimensional wreaks to numerous star-on-ones much(prenominal) as students, parents, school personnel, and the community(source www. wikipedia. org) School Facilities refer to the availabilities of classrooms and laboratory and other buildings in school for rough-and-ready classroom instruction. Theoretical manikin A scheme without facts becomes fantasy, uncontrolled imagination, a reverie. ground on these requirements, several theories are presented.This study can be associated to fond systems model system (Waller, 1932) according to him any institution is a system of wel l-disposed interaction it is organized whole comprising of interacting personalities constrain together in an organic relationship. Further, the school is characterized by an interdependence of parts, a all the way defined tribe, and contrastiveiation from its environment, a daedal ne bothrk of social relationships, and its own unparalleled floriculture. The model suggests that a school consists of a number of substantial elements or subsystems that affect the physical compositional sort.Also this can also be patterned to Social systems (Scott, 2003) consist of single-handed parts, symptomatics and activities that contribute to form the whole. The school consists of a number of important elements or subsystems that affect musical arrangemental behavior. The individual or members of an organization adjudge their own individual needs, beliefs and cognitive perceptions of their environment and job. Further, the social systems model gives a dynamic view of the school, with the feedback mechanisms and elements providing the action of the components.This study is also linked with invitational hypothesis (Myers and Monson, 1992). The main tenant of invitational theory is to revitalize schools and to encourage students to want to go to school. According to the advocates of the theory, there are five factors that affect the appeal of schools people, places, policies, programs, and processes. Invitational theory claims that these five factors make schools more socially appealing and safe. To create a more positive learning environment, school administrators must provide programs which are attractive for the students and teachers. computer programmes, policies, course of study supervision, human resource management, school climate condition must provide a positive strike for teachers and prentices in order for them to uplift the school academic standards. A democratic leadership with an loose system to stakeholders can create an increase performance. Furthermore, research from Sternberg (2000) which is conjecture of noetic Self-Government exclamatory that students learning and persuasion styles (which are usually ignored), together with their ability levels, play an important image in student performance. The theory of noetic Self-Government refers to an inventory of different thinking styles that gives an indication of peoples penchant of thinking patterns. Where the Triarchic Theory focuses on the ability itself, the theory of Mental Self-Government refers to different thinking styles which constitutes preference in the use of abilities. According to the Theory of Intellectual Abilities, three kinds of intellectual abilities make it, namely analytical, creative and practical abilities. Measures of abilities tend to focus mainly on analytical abilities, whereas all the three cases of abilities need to be regarded as equally important.Research done by Sternberg showed The more we teach and assess students based on a broa der set of abilities, the more racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse our achievers will be. From Wikipedia (2011) Theory of relative weight of Nature and Nurture is a basis of this study al or so gender influences of pupils on their academic exertion. The bio discursive differences among masculines and females sexual differences account for a comparatively small part of the actual differences between men and women.Most of these differences are matters not of sex but of gender which, unlike sex, is socially formed and cultivated. Differences of gender, however, are utilise to liberate inequalities between the sexes and the appropriation by males of the major part of power, leisure, conviction and property. CONCEPTUAL nonplus Figure 1 Figure 1 showed the hypothesized relationship between profile of the respondents and school climate condition to the students performance in the National Achievement Test.The dependent variant consists of the students performanc e in the National Achievement Test in five learning areas much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as English, Science, Math, Filipino and Araling Panlipunan. The self-supporting variables such as profile of the respondents which comprises the age, gender, birth order, monthly income of the family, parents educational attainment, and average grade for the last school year attended and the next independent variable consists of school climate condition comprises of school facilities, instructional focus and school physical nvironment. The arrows from the two independent variables show the hypothesized relationship between them. The respondents of the study are third year students in the nine public secondary schools in the Division of Calapan City. The two-tailed arrow in the independent variable which is the school climate conditions will be apply to test the hypothesized difference among each variable such as school facilities, instructional focus and p hysical environment. Chapter II RELATED belles-lettres AND RELATED STUDIESThis chapter presented the read field of studyed on and database documents which are significant research materials in this study. The spirit is shown that the content of the subject matter in this study are supported by the authorities. local Related Literature From the interview of Bulatlat Magazine dated June 2006 to the Chairman of trammel of Concerned instructors (ACT), Mr. Jerry Tinio said that public school students do poorly in symptomatic and attainment tests. Last June 2002, the overall performance score of commemorate IV pupils who took the national diagnostic test (NDT) was 39. 9%, while the first year broad(prenominal) school students had a lower 28. 04 percent. The national exercise test (NAT) given last border 2010 delivered slightly better results, with the fourth graders garnering a 43. 55%, while the first year elevated school students earned a 36. 13%. Despite the slight improv ement, the gain ground are still way at a lower place the 75% passing rate, Tinio said. From the word of of Dr. LeopoldoSichon (2006)in his obligate authorise Our Schools, Our Teachers, our Students vs. he National Achievement Test concluded that the plight of the school and students is somewhat murky the goal of having 75 percent and above mastery levels in academic performance in the National Achievement Test does not calculate to be in cognizant of the belief and learning environment that we have. Of course, we do not discount the fact that DepEd is doing what it perceives to be the best- programs and initiatives had been conceptualized and implemented to answer the pressing need for look education.Somehow we are doing the best we can to bridge over the gap between what we have and what we want for our students. Yet, the effort seems futile due to the fact that we still have to reckon with real problems that confront us the system. These problems are more dominant than achieving higher academic performance alone and we could not just subterfuge ourselves from the fact that when basic needs are not met, all other needs will be just be nonsensical. He said that the teachers need great empowerment.More than just salary increases, educators need the morale boost by knowing that they run short to a truthfully dignified organization whose philosophical nominateation, visions and mission statement are in congruence with its built-in processes and mechanisms. We need local leaders who can convey our educational instantlyion with throw channels of chat and can guide us done well-planned, needs-based and competency-based programs that will hone teachers managerial skills.These teachers will in matter become self-managing, self-governing and self-sustaining and without further ado, can mutually exchange expertness with peers both conceptual and technical. He also said that we need to realize also the disparities between our schools, their locati ons as well as the diverse clienteles that we serve. Students from rural areas are different from those in the urban areas. Demographic characteristics such as family background, economic status, school distance, family background, and so forth should be considered in ruleting the testing materials intended to measure students academic performance.There and wherefore in his perspective, that we can truly measure the type of tenet instruction done in our schools. Lastly, he added that eitherthing will ever be a never-ending cycle, unless the government can come up with a plan that will finally address these problems especially graft and corruption. From the issue of De Guzman (2002) entitle Restructured elemental Education Curriculum stated that whether in high school or in the mere(a) level, curriculum must be equilibrize, articulate, sequential, integrative and continuous.The issue of too overcrowded curriculum was answered by the implementation of the 2002 Restructured Ba sic Education Curriculum which offshoot to restructuring the learning areas, consolidation of values education and related skills in spite of show upance the learning areas, greater emphasis on the learning areas and integrative strategies in article of belief method, increased time task allocation in major learning areas such as English, Math, Science, Filipino and Makabayan. Experts agree that there is no perfect formula for the solution of problems especially when they involve human feats.Learners are diverse and the tendency of educators to adopt a one-size-fits-all type of teaching is said to be causative to low performance of students. Curriculum must be bendable and must allow teachers to freely innovate as compulsion and propriety dictate. From the manual, School establish Teachers Program (2002) in the article Woes of a Teacher tell that the potentness of teachers in delivering the indemnify and proper instruction is another question that must be considered if we are to turn over seriously into the root causes of our students academic performance. stipend issues had been answered by the government although some of the recommendations regarding teachers benefits was shelved due to lack of government funds. Strategies for reforms in reference to teachers kick in were implemented as well as reforms in the processes of promotion. Teachers were encouraged to sustain professional upgrading and development. Principals were tasked to revitalize the school-based instruction program where teachers were taught opinionive managerial and instructional skills through the SBTP (School Based Teachers Program).He added that if salary issues were somehow met, look because at the actual classroom teaching scenario. Imagine the nightmarish teaching condition where a teacher has to teach 60 to 70 students in a class with only a piece of manila account paper as her instructional material. This is possibility and a clear manifestation that the problem of teachers effectiveness is also surrounded by so many intertwining factors aside from salary. Salary alone cannot guarantee effective teaching when the daily travails of teachers show work plume beyond human capacity.From the DepEd report (2010) declare that technology has brought us sophisticated learning tools but textbooks remain to be the most valuable learning reference of teachers and students in the classrooms. However, despite government initiatives to run the per year textbook problems, notice shows that textbooks are always lacking and some of them are set to be erroneous. In answer to this, DepEd account a more stringent paygrade process it did since 2005 in textbook procurance project.Their evaluation on the textbooks focuses on find out the completeness and sufficiency of development of the learning competencies, verity and up-to-datedness of contents, determining the appropriateness of the materials to society, to target users and to culture and on the langu age used to batten that these are grammatically correct and appropriate to the level of the students. Improvement on this flavor is still not fully established for we know that students still do not have enough textbooks to meet the demands of their studies.The cyberspace has become an effective substitute to information getting, however, since access to Internet is still limited in many areas of the country, this does not solve the problem yet. As mentioned by Meinardus (2003) authorise Our Students the Family Level Factors mentioned that only some of the internal and external environments affecting the quality of education we deliver. He also said that do not forget the economic plaza in our country, the income that sustains the family, the family structure in itself and many others.Experts agree that the educational condition attributed to the family is beyond all doubt or discussion, as there is an ever-increasing awareness of the importance of the parents position in the progress and educational development of their electric shaverren. Researchers consider family background the most important factor in determining the academic performance attained by the student among these factors of greatest influence are socio economic status and the educational environment in the family. With regard to social class, relevant research tells us that ones results and expectations for the early are better when one belongs to the social ladder.A student who expects to become a affect like his parents someday shall perform most likely well than a student who has no clear vision of the future because he/she knows very well that his or her parents could not afford to broadcast him/her to school. Also, influence of the family educational climate is defined by the amount and the style of help that nipperren forgather from the family this is determined by elements of the family context, like the dynamics of communication and affective relationships, attitudes toward s values, expectations, etc. on these same lines, it is also report that parental expectations have a notable influence on academic results. It is also noted that there are indirect relationships between performance and the students perception of how much importance his or her parents assign to study at home. What do we expect about NAT results then after considering all these factors? As mentioned by Meinardus (2003), 95 per cent of all elementary students attend public schools, therefore the educational crisis in the Philippines is basically a crisis of public education.The wealthy can easily send their offspring to private schools, many of which offer first-class education to the privileged class of pupils. Foreign Related Literature add (2000) in his toolkit entitled Improving academician Achievement stated that students feat in basic education has become an list of childs future in this extremely competitive world. For him, academic acquirement has been one of the most im portant goals of the educational process. It is also a major goal, which both individual is anticipate to perform in all cultures. pedantic transaction is a discover mechanism through which adolescents learn about their talents, abilities and competencies which are an important part of underdeveloped public life aspirations academic skill and career aspirations in adolescence are often correlated. jubilate and Crow (2009), defined donnish achievement as the extent to which a learner is profiting from instructions in a given area of learning i. e. , achievement is reflected by the extent to which skill or knowledge has been imparted to him.Marzano (2005) refreshened in his article entitled Factors influencing academician achievement that the factors like parents education, parental occupation, type of family, family size, ordinal number position and nonetheless gender and age of the child are nominate to have their impact on the academic achievement of any student. He stated that the effect of family environment on students achievement suggest that several characteristics of family life are relevant. Cromwell (2006) from his text titles Study habit Students Role- A question pointed out that the efficient and effective way of learning depends upon the study habits of the students.Study habits are important they influence the academic achievement of students. So parents and teachers must help in improving the study habits of students. Some investigators have sought to determine what study habits are characteristically used by students when odd to work by themselves with little or no direction. Teachers in schools should become facilitators of learning. The bounded treasure inside every learner should be discovered and nurtured for the purpose of improving learning effective study skills have to be taught. Study skills involve reference, reading listening, study habits and strategies.Learning improves with planning of where, when and how much to s tudy. unconditional attitude, proper physical condition and balanced emotional states are important factors influencing study habits. From the book of Singh (2004) entitled Gender and Academic achievement declared that the performance of every individual is not equal. There is a lot of variability and dispersion. The variability cannot be attributed to a single factor, but it is the outcome of number of factors as intelligence, study habits, self-concept, creativity, adroitness interests, socio economic factors, area etc.Along with these gender of the child is also an influencing factor on Academic achievement of the child. Singh made a survey of the study habits of high, middle and low achieving adolescents in relation to their sex, intelligence and socio economic status and found that study habits of boys and girls differed importantly at different levels of academic achievement. Vijayalaxmi and Natesan (2002) in their article Socio- Economic Status Factors influencing academic achievement declared that girls had a higher stringent academic achievement compared to boys.However, Kaur and Gill (2003) revealed that achievement in English and total achievement was independent of sex, but boys scored higher than girls in achievement in Punjabi, Mathematics and Science. Ahmed (2008) report in his review entitled Achievement Motivation that the influence of sex on achievement motivation was found to be statistically non-significant. He carried out that there are differences among adolescent boys and girls of various ordinal positions.The study was over conducted on essay of one hundred and twenty students belong to the age group of 13-18 years, studying in co-educated English medium institutions confined to the suburbs of Mumbai city. Local Related Studies From the study of Galih, (2008) entitled con shopping center of Principal Role and School expression in Students Achievement mentioned that the principal is rally to the extent of stakeholders pursuit, the relationships among the principals leadership, student achievement, and school effectiveness are more indirect, both in this study and in the literature.He also found that the principals leadership has strong direct effect on in-school processes and only indirect make on outcomes. The study also found that principals have a cite role in the success of schools generally and, especially, in student outcomes. This result is consistent with the by and by study of he cited from Leithwood and Jantzi which shows that effective leaders have a powerful indirect impact on student achievement and school effectiveness. He also cited the study of Heck et al. oted that Principals do not affect individual students directly as teachers do through classroom instruction, but that activities of the Principal say at school-level performance have trickle-down effect on teachers and students. This is also consistent with the findings of Gali that the principals leadership has a direct effect on school conditions such as school goals, planning, structure, climate, and work conditions which in turn show a direct effect on classroom conditions such as instruction, policies, and procedures.Masi (2008) in his study entitled Relationship of leadership style, school climate, and the organisational fealty of teachers in the Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools in the Philippines explored the relationship of principals leadership style, the school climate, and the organisational commitment of teachers in Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools in the Philippines. Major findings in this study lead to the following conclusions The principals leadership style, school climate, and the organisational commitment of teachers are interrelated.Teachers perceive higher commitment under a leadership characterized by high consideration, regardless of the level of initiating structure. Teachers organizational commitment is positively related to climate nudeness characterized by supportive principal behavior and teacher engagement, intimacy, and low levels of teacher frustration. Furthermore, considerate leadership behavior is positively related to climate bareness. Predictive models of organizational commitment, method of accounting for approximately 25% of the variance, include marital status, consideration leadership behavior, and aspects of school climate.Although the a priori concept of leadership quadrants was upheld in the study, it appears that leadership behaviors, particularly the consideration dimension, are more useful in relationship to the areas of school climate and organizational commitment. Major implications are that school principals should seek to practice considerate leadership behavior and create an open school climate. School boards and accrediting agencies should include leadership, school climate, and teacher commitment surveys as an intrinsical part of school program evaluation.It may be of value to conduct supernumerary studies to exa mine other theory-based antecedents as well as expected outcomes of organizational commitment. San Antonio (2006) in his study entitled stiff Participatory School Administration, Leadership, and School Climate Management Does It Affect The Trust Levels of Stakeholders? reported on his study that the effectiveness of democratic school administration, leadership and management ( sing) as perceived by 282 stakeholders in one school division in the Philippines.In his study, he also examined the correlation between the indicators of PSALM effectiveness and the rely levels of the stakeholders. The results indicate that the stakeholders found the implementation of PSALM through informative school councils to be effective. The effectiveness of implementing ASC (Advisory School Council) as perceived by the respondents reinforces the finding that their levels of thrust were also high.Indeed, many factors affect the fostering of thrust in the school. However, this study has shown that, t o some degree, the adequacy of time for ASC business, the expiation with the composition of the ASC, the appreciation for the usefulness of committees, the share-out of information, the perceived influence on teaching and learning, and the overall satisfaction with the operation of the ASC significantly related to the trust levels among the stakeholders.It is therefore suggested that school leaders wishing to enhance the levels of trust among the stakeholders in their schools should endeavor to achieve a balanced representation in the school council, utilize committees appropriately, share more information with other stakeholders, provide adequate time for doing ASC business, and focus on teaching and learning to make the overall functioning of ASC highly effective.Benito (2009) in her the study titled digest of the Performance in Trigonometry of the for the first time Year College Students of Divine Word College of Viganstated that subject difficulties exist because of its laby rinthineity in victimisation figures and in computations. Hence student finds it as a difficult subject it not properly taught. It exists too because they forget previously learned concepts and skills that are needed for the saucily skills to be learned. So, a student cannot cut through higher level of maths if one did not understand yesterdays principles and skills learned.With these difficulties, students always have a controvert connotation of the subject matter. These negative attitudes includes dismay of the subject, anxiety in learning the subject, believeingless of the subject and its abstraction. These lead to inability of students to comprehend the subject which further led to low performance in mathematics. The low performance is true not only of high school students. In the National simple-minded Achievement Tests (NEAT), administered to sixth graders from 1993 to 1999, science and mathematics ranked the lowest or second lowest among elementary school academic s ubjects.According to the study of Soriano (2008) Teacher-Related Factors Of Sophomore Students Achievement In Mathematics In Three (3) National High Schools In Maragondon District educational detectives have investigated many factors considered to affect student learning. At the heart of this line of enquiry is the core belief that teachers make a difference. Indeed, teacher plays an important role in the intellectual development of the students, using various assessments and teaching styles to improve students performance in school subjects.School subjects performance is determined by giving an achievement test. The results of which are used to determine their achievement level, strengths and weaknesses in each subject area. Foreign Related Studies cash (2008) from the study entitled Improving Student Achievement and School Facilities in a Time of Limited Funding pointed out that school building condition, attendance, and academic achievement in New York City, found building cond itions to be a predictor of student attendance and student achievement on standardized tests.These results were reported after irresponsible for other possible factors, including socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and teacher quality. (Duran-Narucki, 2008) That poorer building condition negatively impacts student attendance and that coming to school is incumbent to learning are both logical arguments that continue to be supported by research. The National Summit on School Design (NSSD) reported eight recommendations for school design excellence.These included designs to support a variety of learning styles, and the creation of healthy, comfortable, and flexible learning spaces. These recommendations have several implications for changes in the learning environment (NSSD, 2005). While the additive effect of the school facilitys condition has been related to student outcomes, further research has been done to pinpoint several specific factors that contribute to this overall phenomen on. These pecific factors include lighting, building cleanliness, health and safety, painting, and student and teacher morale From the dissertation of Akbari (2004) titled Teacher Characteristics as Predictors of Students Academic Achievement declared that there has been a substantial theoretical and practical shift of emphasis, mostly in mainstream education, towards acknowledging that teachers are among the principal components of any pedagogical program.In the past ten years, a burgeoning research base has increasingly shown that teachers are among the most important players influencing student achievement, holding the key to sealing the gaps in students achievement outcomes. Sanders (1998), for example, states that the single largest factor affecting academic increment of macrocosms of students is differences in effectiveness of individual classroom teachers. He also believed that the more can be done to improve education by improving the effectiveness of teachers than by any other single factor. Along the same lines, Alexander (2005) argues that few educators, economists, or politicians would argue with the contention that all things beingness equal, highly qualified teachers produce greater student achievement than comparatively less qualified teachers. From the thesis of Steenson (2006) titled The School Size and Its Relationship to Student Outcomes and School Climate A Review and add upmary of Eight southerly Carolina State-wide apologiseed what size should a school be to optimize learning and teaching &8212 while striving for approach efficiency in operation.At least in South Carolina, after numerous studies, the answer is yet to be found. While on the surface it first appears that, with rare exception, littler schools dont produce better results and cost more to operate, closer observation reveals that the issue is much more complex. In South Carolina smaller middle schools appear to produce better student outcomes. And, at the elementary an d high school levels, even where bigger appears better, there is evidence that results can vary significantly depending upon the children served.Further, poverty has such a dramatic effect on school outcomes in South Carolina that possible influences of other variables such as school size are possibly masked. Based on the studies to date the only logical conclusion that can be reached is that finding the ideal school size is at least elusive, and possibly so complex that an absolute ideal does not exist. However, the findings from the South Carolina studies supply sufficiently intriguing data to suggest further study of school size is warranted.Sanders and Harvey (2002) in their study entitled Beyond the School Walls A skid Study of Principal Leadership for School- residential district Collaboration described how one urban elementary school in a high-reform district and state has been able to develop strong connections with community businesses and organizations as part of its pro gram of school, family, and community partnerships. The case study identifies four factors that allowed the school to build lucky bridges to its community.These factors are (1) the schools commitment to learning (2) the principals support and vision for community involvement (3) the schools receptivity and openness to community involvement and (4) the schools willingness to engage in two-way communication with potential community partners about their level and kind of involvement. The concluding section of the paper discusses the implications of the studys findings for school, district, and state educational leaders.The literature and studies reviewed by the researcher will help to understand the interconnection of variables that may affect to the students performance in the national achievement test. These literatures will help explain the research after all, literature review will show what other researchers have done. The review aims to show why the research needs to be carried out, how to choose definite methodologies or theories to work with and how the present study adds to the research already carried out.Chapter III explore METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the methodology of the researcher employed by the researcher in analyzing and interpreting the data pertaining to the variables of this study. Research Design The researcher used the descriptive-correlational method of research that seeks the relationships which exist between different factors of students performance in the national achievement test in the public secondary schools in the division of Calapan City.The researcher also used the comparative method of research that aims to make comparisons among different variables in school climate conditions such as physical facilities, instructional focus and physical environment. Descriptive research involves the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition or process of phenomenon. It involves some types of comparison or contrasts and may attempt to discover a cause and effect relationship that exists between non-violated variables.Correlational studies are designed to estimate the extent of which the different variables are related to each other in the race of interest. The distinguishing characteristic is the effort to estimate the relationship as distinguished from simple description. Research locale This study was conducted in the eight (8) public secondary schools in the Division of Calapan City namely Bucayao National High School located at Bucayao, Calapan City, Canubing National High School at Canubing, Ceriaco A.Abes National High School at Mahal Na Pangalan, connection Vocational High School at Masipit, Mamerta G. Tolentino National High School at Parang, Managpi National High School at Managpi, Nag-Iba National High School at Nag Iba I and Pedro V. Panaligan National High School at Comunal. Respondents of the Study The respondents of this study were the 276 third year students for school year 2011-2012 from public high schools in Calapan City. The table shows the dispersion of the respondents of the studyTable A. Respondents of the study from eight (8) public high schools at Calapan City Division. HIGH SCHOOL nub NUMBER OF THIRD YEAR STUDENTS RESPONDENTS Managpi National High School 146 45 Mamerta G.Tolentino National High School 115 36 Bucayao NHS 95 30 COMMUNITY vocational HS 102 32 Ceriaco A. Abes MNHS 82 25 Pedro V.Panaligan MNHS 118 37 Canubing NHS 152 47 Nag-Iba NHS 78 24 entire 888 276 Sampling actionThe respondents were taken from the total population using stratified random experiment distribution at 5% error of tolerance. The specimen size was determined with the use of Slovins formula Wheren=sample population N=total number of population e2=Error Formulan = N 1 + Ne2 n = N 1 + Ne2 n = 888 1 + 888 (. 05)2 n = 276 The sample population of each school is computed using the stratified proportional sampling. Res earch factor The main instrument used in this study was the constructed questionnaire by the researcher. The questionnaire was divided into two parts the respondents profile and the school climate condition.The first part of the questionnaire asked questions pertaining to the students profile such as age, gender, birth ordinal position, monthly income of the family, parents educational attainment, and average grade for the last school year attended. On its second part, respondents asked about their school climate condition which comprises the school facilities, instructional focus and physical environment of the school. The master used is as follows 1-Poor/ Pre-Basic 2- sportsmanlike/ Basic 3- cheeseparing/ feeler to Proficiency 4- comforting/ Proficient 5- small/ to a higher place Advanced Reliability of the InstrumentTo test the dependableness of the instrument, the test retest procedure was used. Ten student respondents who were not included in the study were given the te st-retest. After 10 days, the questionnaires were given again to the same respondents. The reliableness was computed using Pearsons r. Table B. Results of test-retest Variable R-value comment School Facilities 0. 95 Very high reliability Instructional Focus 0. 92 Very high reliability Physical Environment 0. 90 Very high reliability Data Gathering Procedure After finding out the reliability of the research instrument, the researcher imploreed allowance to conduct the study through request letter and asked approval from the Schools Division Superintendent and the eight (8) public secondary school principals in the Division of Calapan City through letter.After the approval of the request, the researcher personally administered the set of questionnaires to the student-respondents. The assistance of the teachers was requested to assist the researchers in administering the instrument to ensure the full cooperation of the respondents. delegation for answering the test was explicit ly stated to guide the respondents in answering the test. The researcher saw to it that all instruments was returned completely. After the recuperation of the questionnaire, the researcher tabulated and processed the data manually.Quantitative and soft data were analyze and the results were interpreted. Data hyaloplasm was based on dummy tables to organize, summarize, and analyze the data how variables differ with each other. win and Quantification of Data A 5-point numerical scale with their description was employed as shown below Table C. Numerical carapace. Numerical Scale statistical Limit Verbal description 5 4. 1 5 Excellent 4 3. 41 4. 20 Satisfactory 3 2. 61 3. 40 Good 2 1. 81 2. 60 Fair 1 1. 00 1. 80 Poor Statistical Treatment of Data The data poised from the questionnaire were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics such as Weighted crocked, Pearsons r, and Chi Square and ANOVA was used to describe the variables of the stud The followin g formula was used in this study 1. Mean X = ? x / n Where ?x is the sum of all the sample observations n is the number of sample observations x is the mean The formula for mean was used in computation of mean scores of students performance in school climate conditions and students profile. 2. Pearsons r r = n? xy ( ? x)(? ) v n(? x2) (? x)2 n (? y2) (? y)2 Where r is the Pearsons output Moment Correlation n is the number of scores x is the first variable y is the second variable ? is the sum of scores or the variable ?x2 is the essence of squared variable x ?y2 is the summation of squared variable y This formula was used to test the relationship between the students performance in NAT in terms of age, monthly income, average grade and the school climate conditions in terms of school facilities, instructional focus and physical environment. 3. Chi-square test statistic X2 = ? (O-E2E Where X2 is the chi-square statistic, O is the observed frequency ? is the symbol for summation differences of cumulative E is the expected frequency This formula was used to test the relationship between the students academic performance and respondents profile in terms of gender, parents educational attainment to the academic performance of the student respondents. 4. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is the statistical procedure that was used to test mean differences between among three variables by examine variability between groups to variability within groups.toxic shock = Total sum of square SSb= sum of squares of each group SSw = sum of squares within groups dfb = degrees of independence between groups dfw = degrees of freedom within groups k = number of samples n = total of all scores N = total number of samples ?Xi = sum of squares in each group X = individual value in all the groups TSS = ? X2 (? X)2 ?(X1)2 ? (X2)2 ? (X)2 SSb = + n1 n2 N SSw = TSS SSb dfb = k 1 dfw = k (n-1) The formula was used to determine the difference among the school facilities, instr uctional focus and physical environment. Chapter IVPRESENTATION, depth psychology AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents the discussion of the data gathered by the researcher. These are analyzed and interpreted below. 1. Profile of the Respondents 1. Age As shown on the table, age ranging from 14 to 15 dominates the number of respondents, which is 86. 59 percent of the respondents of the study. This is attributed to the fact that the right age for third year level is this range. On the other hand, as shown in the same table, it could also be noted that only one or 0. 36% locomote under the age bracket of 20 and above.This talent be because the respondents dropped from school for 2-3 beyond the age required in in Grade I. Considering the age bracket ranging from 12-13, the table also reveals that only one falls under it which simply means that the respondent enrolled to Grade I, one year beforehand of the required age. Table 1. 1 absolute frequency and contribution dis tribution of respondents as to age Age absolute frequency ploughshare 12-13 1 0. 6 14-15 239 86. 59 16-17 31 11. 23 18-19 4 1. 45 20 and above 1 0. 6 TOTAL 276 c 1. 2 Gender Table 1. 2 reveals that female respondents are outnumbered males by 58. This might be attributed to the fact that there are really more females than males. Based on the Philippine Demographic Profile (2011) record from www. indexmundi. com/philippines, as to age structure of male and female from 15-65 years old and over, there were 32 980 772 males while female has 33 568 847. Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents as to gender Gender Frequency component Male 109 39. 49 womanly 167 60. 51 Total 276 100 . Parents educational attainment 1. 3. 1 Mother As could be gleaned in Table 1. 3. 1, it could be noted that 97 or 35. 14% of the mothers of the respondents are graduates of high school and only 26 or 9. 42 % of them did not conclude grade school. This means that mothers o f the respondents could assist their children in making assignments and projects at home. Since, all of them have entered schooling they knew how to read and write. The table also shows that there are only two mother who are doctoral degree holder.It is also revealed in the table that all mother respondents have attended schooling. Table 1. 3. 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of Respondents as to mothers educational attainment Mothers Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage Did not finish grade school 26 9. 42 graduated from Grade school 42 15. 2 Did not finish high school 44 15. 94 Graduated from High School 97 35. 14 Some College education 26 9. 42 Technical Vocational 21 7. 1 Bachelors compass point 14 5. 07 Masters Degree 4 1. 45 Doctorate Degree 2 0. 72 TOTAL 276 100 1. 3. 2 Father Table 1. 3. presents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents as to fathers educational attainment. It could be noted in table 1. 3. 2 that the highest frequency of 88 or 31. 88% is obtained by those who graduated from high school and the lowest which is 35 or 12. 68% representing those who did not finish grade school. There were also fathers who gained higher education such as college, technical-vocational, bachelors degree and masters degree. This supports that the fathers of the respondents have the capability of assisting their children in doing their formulation and projects. Table 1. . 2 Frequency and Percentage distribution of Respondents as to fathers educational attainment Fathers Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage Did not finish grade school 35 12. 68 Graduated from Grade school 50 18. 12 Did not finish high school 40 14. 9 Graduated from High School 88 31. 88 Some College education 23 8. 33 Technical-Vocational 23 8. 33 Bachelors Degree 15 5. 44 Masters Degree 2 0. 725 Doctorate Degree 0 0 TOTAL 276 100 1. 4 Monthly Income of the family Tab